Amplitude scaling of ground motions as a potential source of bias: Large?scale investigations on structural drifts

The question of whether amplitude scaling ground motion (GM) records introduces bias is controversial in earthquake engineering. In this study, research formally defined with a focus on evaluating determining an engineering demand parameter (EDP) as result nonlinear response history analyses (NLRHA) when using scaled rather than unscaled GM that have the same level intensity. analysed structures are 10 planar steel frame buildings ranging from low- to high-rise, where EDP interest maximum interstory drift ratio, while structural responses range linear collapse. A unique contribution depth research, which employs unprecedented number more 17,000 recorded GM, resulting approximately 3.4 million NLRHA. For thorough investigation, most relevant intensity measures discussed and considered, well novel spectral information describing sustained vibration amplitude. introduction examined different points view, first simple intuitive statistical methods, then machine learning techniques, finally selection approach. numerous investigations, no could be detected under inherent uncertainty calculations. results indicate can safely used NLRHA assess seismic behaviour if scenario compatibility ensured it verified also consistent.